ATLANTA (AP) — The price of preventing preterm labor is
about to go through the roof.
A drug for high-risk pregnant women has cost about $10 to
$20 per injection. Next week, the price shoots up to $1,500 a dose, meaning the
total cost during a pregnancy could be as much as $30,000.
That’s because the drug, a form of progesterone given as a
weekly shot, has been made cheaply for years, mixed in special pharmacies that
custom-compound treatments that are not federally approved.
But recently, KV Pharmaceutical of suburban St.Louis won
government approval to exclusively sell the drug, known as Makena
(Mah-KEE’-Nah). The March of Dimes and many obstetricians supported that
because it means quality will be more consistent and it will be easier to get.
None of them anticipated the dramatic price hike, though —
especially since most of the cost for development and research was shouldered
by others in the past.
“That’s a huge increase for something that can’t be
costing them that much to make. For crying out loud, this is about making
money,” said Dr. Roger Snow, deputy medical director for Massachusetts’ Medicaid program.
“I’ve never seen anything as outrageous as this,”
said Dr. Arnold Cohen, an obstetrician at Albert
Einstein Medical
Center in Philadelphia.
“I’m breathless,” said Dr. Joanne Armstrong, the
head of women’s health for Aetna, the
Hartford-based national health insurer.
Doctors say the price hike may deter low-income women from
getting the drug, leading to more premature births. And it will certainly be a
huge financial burden for health insurance companies and government programs
that have been paying for it.
The cost is justified to avoid the mental and physical disabilities
that can come with very premature births, said KV Pharmaceutical chief
executive Gregory J. Divis Jr. The cost of care for a preemie is estimated at
$51,000 in the first year alone.
“Makena can help offset some of those costs,”
Divis told The Associated Press. “These moms deserve the opportunity to
have the benefits of an FDA-approved Makena.”
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is not involved in
setting the price for the drugs it approves.
A KV subsidiary, Ther-Rx Corp., will market the drug. On
Tuesday, it announced a patient assistance program designed to help uninsured
and low-income women get the drug at little or no cost.
But Snow and others said someone is going to have to pay the
higher price. Some of the burden will fall on health insurance companies, which
will have to raise premiums or other costs to their other customers. And some
will fall on cash-strapped state Medicaid programs, which may be forced to stop
paying for the drug or enroll fewer people.
“There’s no question they can’t afford this,” said
Matt Salo, executive director of the National Association of Medicaid
Directors.
Salo and Snow said they do not know how many state Medicaid
programs currently pay for Makena, which as a generic was recommended by the American College of Obstetricians and
Gynecologists.
Aetna will continue to pay
for the drug, Armstrong said, but it will be an expensive pill to swallow. Aetna currently covers it for about 1,000 women a year,
so the new federal endorsement is likely to cost an estimated $30 million more
annually.
Makena is a synthetic form of the hormone progesterone that
first came on the market more than 50 years ago to treat other problems.
Hormone drugs came under fire in the 1970s, following reports they might damage
fetuses in early pregnancy. In the 1990s, the early incarnation of Makena was
withdrawn from the market.
But the drug got a new life in 2003, with publication of a
study that reported it helped prevent early births to women who had a history
of spontaneous preterm deliveries.
These very early births produce children who — if they
survive — need months of intensive care and often suffer disabilities. The
cause of sudden preterm delivery is not understood, but it occurs in black
mothers at much higher rates than whites or Hispanics.
The study of women at risk for this condition found that
only about 36 percent of those given the progesterone drug had preterm births,
compared with 55 percent among those not on the drug.
It’s believed the treatment calms the muscles of the uterus,
experts said.
There is no good alternative in most cases and in the years
following the study, more obstetricians, Medicaid programs and others began
prescribing it. By some estimates, about 130,000 women a year might benefit
from the drug. Only a fraction of them get it, but the number has been growing
steadily.
One success story is Beatrice Diaz, 33, of Chapel Hill, N.C.
During her first pregnancy nine years ago, Diaz unexpectedly
went into labor at about 24 weeks. She delivered a son, Garrison, who was so
fragile she was not allowed to hold him for a month. Today he is in a
wheelchair and has the mental capacity of a 9-month-old.
It was a shock, said Diaz, who at the time was a legal
assistant in a prosecutor’s office.
“Honestly I thought the only people who had 1-pound
babies were crackheads,” she said.
When she became pregnant again, her doctor prescribed the
progesterone drug, a weekly injection that starts as early as the 16th week and
may be given for as much as 20 weeks. She has since had two healthy, full-term
baby girls, Hailyn and Alexa.
Diaz said she’s not planning to have any more children — and
that’s a good thing.
“That’s an insane amount of money. I don’t know what I
would do to get the money to afford it,” she said.
The Ther-Rx patient assistance program promises free
injections or much reduced prices based on income. Uninsured households making
less than $100,000 are eligible for a copay of $20 or less.
Ther-Rx and its parent company became involved about three
years ago and acquired rights to the drug from a Massachusetts company named Hologic Inc.,
said Divis, who is also Ther-Rx’s president.
To get FDA approval, the company is spending hundreds of
millions of dollars in additional research, including an international study
involving 1,700 women, Divis said. The FDA last month signed off and gave
Makena orphan drug status. That designation ensures Ther-Rx will be the sole
source of the drug for seven years.
The March of Dimes, which gets hundreds of thousands of
dollars in funding from Ther-Rx, celebrated the approval in a press release,
saying if all women eligible for the shots receive them, nearly 10,000
spontaneous premature births could be prevented each year.
“For the first time, we have an FDA-approved treatment
to offer women who have delivered a baby too soon, giving them hope that their
next child will have a better chance at a healthy start in life,” said Dr.
Alan Fleischman, the organization’s medical director.
As for the cost, he said the drug maker’s financial
assistance program will ensure no eligible woman is denied the drug due to
inability to pay.
Some doctors said they were happy getting the cheaper
version from compounding pharmacies, and Aetna’s
Armstrong said she was unaware of any quality concerns.
Still, doctors will use the Ther-Rx brand, in part because
of legal worries.
Not that they have a choice: Last month, KV sent
cease-and-desist letters to compounding pharmacies, telling them they could
face FDA enforcement actions if they kept making the drug.
